This is a list of wars and armed conflicts involving Russia and its predecessors in chronological order, from the 9th to the 21st century.
The Russian military and troops of its predecessor states in Russia took part in a large number of wars and armed clashes in various parts of the world: starting from the princely squads, opposing the raids of nomads, and fighting for the expansion of the territory of Kievan Rus'. Following the disintegration of Kievan Rus', the emergence of the Principality of Moscow and then the centralized Russian state saw a period of significant territorial growth of the state centred in Moscow and then St. Petersburg during the 15th to 20th centuries, marked by wars of conquest in Eastern Europe, the Caucasus, the Volga region, Siberia, Central Asia and the Far East, the world wars of the early 20th century, the proxy wars of the Cold War, and today.
The list includes:
- external wars
- foreign intervention in domestic conflicts
- anti-colonial uprisings of the peoples conquered during the Russian expansion
- princely feuds
- peasant uprisings
- revolutions
Legends of results:
- Victory
- Defeat
- Another result; for example, a treaty or peace without a clear result, status quo ante bellum, indecisive, civil or internal conflict, or result unknown
- Ongoing conflict
Kievan Rus'
Principality of Moscow (1263–1547)
This is a list of wars involving the Principality of Moscow (1263–1547), also known as Muscovy.
Date | Conflict | Combatant 1 | Combatant 2 | Result |
---|---|---|---|---|
1281–1293/4 | Vladimir-Suzdal war of succession (1281–1293)
| Nogai forces Dmitry of Pereslavl Mikhail of Tver Daniel of Moscow | Tode Mongke (1281–1287) Tokhta forces Andrey of Gorodets Theodore the Black Rostov princes | Tokhta victory
|
1296/8–1302 | Struggle for Pereslavl-Zalessky | Daniel of Moscow Mikhail of Tver | Andrey of Gorodets Theodore the Black Konstantin of Ryazan | Muscovite–Tverian victory
|
1305–1485 | Muscovite–Tverian wars (series of short wars, mixed with other conflicts) | Principality of Moscow | Principality of Tver | Victory
|
1327 | Tver Uprising of 1327 (part of the Muscovite–Tverian wars ) | Golden Horde Ivan I Kalita of Moscow Alexander of Suzdal | Principality of Tver Grand Principality of Vladimir | Golden Horde victory
|
1368–1372 | Lithuanian–Muscovite War (1368–72) (part of the Great Troubles and the Muscovite–Tverian wars ) | Principality of Moscow | Grand Duchy of Lithuania | Inconclusive |
1376 | Muscovite–Volga Bulgars war (part of the Great Troubles) | Principality of Moscow | Volga Bulgaria | Victory |
1377 | Battle on Pyana River (part of the Great Troubles) | Principality of Moscow | Golden Horde | Defeat |
1378 | Battle of the Vozha River (part of the Great Troubles) | Principality of Moscow | Golden Horde | Victory |
1380 | Battle of Kulikovo (part of the Great Troubles) | Rus' principalities:
| Western part of the Golden Horde
| Victory for the Rus' principalities coalition
|
1382 | Siege of Moscow (part of the aftermath of the Great Troubles) | Principality of Moscow | Golden Horde | Defeat
|
1406–1408 | Lithuanian–Muscovite War (1406–1408) (part of the Muscovite–Lithuanian Wars) | Principality of Moscow | Grand Duchy of Lithuania | Hungarian Treaty
| (1 September 1408)
1425–1453 | Muscovite War of Succession | Younger Donskoy line Vasily II Vasilyevich Dmitry II Shemyaka (1434–9) Boris of Tver (c. 1438) Mäxmüd of Kazan (1445–8) Qasim Khan (1452–3) | Older Donskoy line Yury Dmitrievich (1425–34) Vasily Kosoy (1434–6) Ulugh of Kazan (1437–45) Dmitry II Shemyaka (1439; 1445–53) Ivan of Mozhaysk (1447–53) | Vasily II victory
|
1437–1445 | Ulugh Muhammad's campaign (first Russo-Kazan war) (from Battle of Belyov to Battle of Suzdal) (connected with the Muscovite War of Succession) | Younger Donskoy line Vasily II Vasilyevich Dmitry II Shemyaka (1437–9) | Older Donskoy line Ulugh of Kazan Dmitry II Shemyaka (1439) | Ulugh victory
|
1467–1469 | Qasim War | Grand Principality of Moscow | Khanate of Kazan | Victory
|
1471 | Battle of Shelon | Grand Principality of Moscow | Novgorod Republic | Victory
|
1478 | Siege of Kazan | Grand Principality of Moscow | Khanate of Kazan | Victory
|
1480 | Great Stand on the Ugra River | Grand Principality of Moscow | Golden Horde | Debated
|
1485 | Capture of Tver (1485) (part of the Muscovite–Tverian wars ) | Grand Principality of Moscow | Principality of Tver | Victory
|
1487–1494 | First Muscovite-Lithuanian War | Grand Principality of Moscow | Grand Duchy of Lithuania | Victory |
1495–1497 | Russo-Swedish War | Grand Principality of Moscow | Sweden | Inconclusive |
1500–1503 | Second Muscovite–Lithuanian War | Grand Principality of Moscow | Grand Duchy of Lithuania | Victory |
1505–1507 | Russo-Kazan War | Grand Principality of Moscow | Khanate of Kazan | Inconclusive |
1507–1508 | Third Muscovite–Lithuanian War | Grand Principality of Moscow | Grand Duchy of Lithuania | Inconclusive |
1512–1522 | Fourth Muscovite–Lithuanian War | Grand Principality of Moscow | Grand Duchy of Lithuania | Victory |
1534–1537 | Fifth Muscovite–Lithuanian War | Grand Principality of Moscow | Grand Duchy of Lithuania | Inconclusive |
Tsardom of Russia (1547–1721)
Date | Conflict | Location | Russia and its allies | Opponent(s) | Result |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
1552 | Siege of Kazan | Tatarstan | Russia | Khanate of Kazan | Victory
|
1552–1556 | Tatar Rebellion | Tatarstan | Russia | Tatar rebels | Victory
|
1554–1557 | Ivan the Terrible's Swedish War | Karelia | Russia | Sweden | Inconclusive |
1556 | Russian conquest of Astrakhan | Astrakhan | Russia | Astrakhan Khanate | Victory
|
1558–1583 | Livonian War | Northern Europe | Russia | Livonian Confederation Denmark–Norway | Defeat |
1568–1570 | Astrakhan Expedition | Astrakhan and Azov | Russia | Turkey | Victory
|
1570–1572 | Ivan the Terrible's Crimean War | European Russia | Russia | Crimean Khanate | Victory
|
1580–1762 | Russian conquest of Siberia | Siberia | Russia
| Khanate of Sibir (until 1598) Native Siberians | Victory
|
1590–1595 | Boris Godunov's Swedish War | Northern Europe | Russia | Sweden | Inconclusive
|
1605–1618 | Polish invasions of Russia | Russia | Russia Sweden (1609–1610) | Poland-Lithuania | Inconclusive
|
1606–1607 | Bolotnikov Rebellion | Russia | Russia | Rebels under Ivan Bolotnikov | Victory
|
1610–1617 | Ingrian War | Russia | Russia | Sweden | Defeat |
1632–1634 | Smolensk War | Smolensk | Russia | Poland-Lithuania | Defeat |
1651–1653 | Alexis I's Persian War | North Caucasus | Russia | Persia | Defeat |
1652–1689 | Sino–Russian border conflicts | Heilongjiang and Amur | Russia | China | Defeat |
1654–1667 | First Northern War | Eastern Europe | Russia | Poland-Lithuania | Victory |
1656–1658 | Second Northern War | Northern Europe | Russia | Sweden | Inconclusive |
1662–1664 | First Bashkir Rebellion | Bashkortostan | Russia | Bashkir rebels | Inconclusive; political defeat
|
1670–1671 | Razin's Rebellion | Russia | Russia | Cossacks under Stepan Razin | Victory
|
1676–1681 | Feodor III's Turkish War | Ukraine | Russia | Turkey | Indecisive |
1683–1700 | Great Turkish War | Eastern Europe | Russia (from 1686) | Turkey | Victory
|
1700–1721 | Great Northern War | Europe | Russia Denmark–Norway (1700, 1709–) | Sweden Holstein-Gottorp | Victory against Sweden |
Defeat by Turkey | |||||
1704–1711 | Third Bashkir Rebellion | Bashkortostan and Tatarstan | Russia | Bashkir rebels | Military victory, political defeat
|
1707–1708 | Bulavin Rebellion | Southern Russia | Russia | Don Cossack rebels | Victory
|
1717 | Peter the Great's Khivan War | Khanate of Khiva | Russia | Khanate of Khiva | Defeat
|
1717–1847 | Kazakh-Russian conflicts | Kazakhstan | Russia | Kazakhstan | Victory
|
Russian Empire (1721–1917)
Russian Republic (1917)
Date | Conflict | Location | Russia and its allies | Opponent(s) | Result |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
1917 | October Revolution | Russia | Russia | Bolsheviks Petrograd Soviet Left SRs Red Guards | Defeat
|
Russian SFSR (1917–1922)
Russia and the Soviet Union (1916–1934)
Date | Conflict | Location | Russia and its allies | Opponent(s) | Result |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
1916–1934 | Central Asian Revolt | Central Asia | Russian Empire (until 1917) Soviet Union (from 1922) | Basmachi | Victory
|
Soviet Union (1922–1991)
This is a list of wars involving the Soviet Union (30 December 1922 – 26 December 1991).
Russian Federation (1991–present)
See also
- Armed Forces of the Russian Federation – Military forces of the Russian Federation
- History of Russia – History of the Russian Federation
- Military history of Russia
- List of wars – Overview of and topical guide to war (Category:Lists of wars)
- List of wars between Russia and Sweden
- List of wars involving Armenia
- List of wars involving Azerbaijan
- List of wars involving Belarus
- List of wars involving Estonia
- List of wars involving Finland
- List of wars involving Georgia (country)
- List of wars involving Kazakhstan
- List of wars involving Kyrgyzstan
- List of wars involving Latvia
- List of wars involving Lithuania
- List of wars involving Moldova
- List of wars involving Poland
- List of wars involving Tajikistan
- List of wars involving Turkey
- List of wars involving Ukraine
- List of wars involving Uzbekistan
Notes
References
Sources
- Alef, Gustave (1983). "The Battle of Suzdal' in 1445. An Episode in the Muscovite War of Succession (1978)". Rulers and nobles in fifteenth century Muscovy. Part II. London: Variorum Reprints. pp. 11–20. ISBN 9780860781202. (first published in Forschungen zur osteuropäischen Geschichte 25 (1978) Berlin.)
- Halperin, Charles J. (1987). Russia and the Golden Horde: The Mongol Impact on Medieval Russian History. p. 222. ISBN 9781850430575. (e-book).
- Katchanovski, Ivan; Kohut, Zenon E.; Nesebio, Bohdan Y.; Yurkevich, Myroslav (2013). Historical Dictionary of Ukraine. Lanham, Maryland; Toronto; Plymouth: Scarecrow Press. p. 992. ISBN 9780810878471. Retrieved 24 January 2023.
- Kohn, George Childs (2013). Dictionary of Wars. Revised Edition. Londen/New York: Routledge. ISBN 9781135954949.
- Logan, F. Donald (2005). The Vikings in History. New York: Routledge (Taylor & Francis). p. 205. ISBN 9780415327565. Archived from the original on 23 April 2023. Retrieved 26 January 2023. (third edition)
- Martin, Janet (1995). Medieval Russia: 980–1584. New York: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0521362768.
- Martin, Janet (2007). Medieval Russia: 980–1584 (E-book) (Second ed.). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-511-36800-4.
- Martin, Janet (2009b). "From Kiev to Muscovy: The Beginnings to 1450". In Freeze, Gregory (ed.). Russia: A History. Oxford: Oxford University Press. pp. 1–30. ISBN 978-0-19-150121-0. Archived from the original on 27 January 2023. Retrieved 27 January 2023. (third edition)
- Ostrowski, Donald (1993). "Why did the Metropolitan Move from Kiev to Vladimir in the Thirteenth Century". Christianity and the Eastern Slavs. Volume I: Slavic Cultures in the Middle Ages. Berkeley: University of California Press. pp. 83–101. ISBN 9780520360198. Retrieved 16 May 2023. doi:10.1525/9780520313606-009
- Shaikhutdinov, Marat (23 November 2021). "3.4 Invasion of Tokhtamysh". Between East and West: The Formation of the Moscow State. Academic Studies Press. pp. 104–107. ISBN 9781644697153.