The Bureau of Educational and Cultural Affairs (ECA) of the United States Department of State fosters mutual understanding between the people of the United States and the people of other countries around the world. It is responsible for the United States' cultural exchange programs.
 Seal of the United States Department of State | |
| Bureau overview | |
|---|---|
| Formed | 1961 |
| Preceding bureau |
|
| Jurisdiction | Executive branch of the United States |
| Headquarters | Harry S. Truman Building, Washington, D.C., U.S. |
| Employees | 455 (as of 2011[update]) |
| Annual budget | $634 million (FY 2017) |
| Bureau executive | |
| Parent department | U.S. Department of State |
| Website | eca |
Lee Satterfield, confirmed by the United States Senate on November 18, 2021, began service as assistant Secretary of State for the Bureau of Educational and Cultural Affairs on November 23, 2021.
History
In 1940, Nelson Rockefeller began the exchange of persons program with Latin America, as the Coordinator of Commercial and Cultural Affairs for the American Republics. This program sent 130 journalists from Latin America to the United States.[citation needed]
In 1942, The United States Office of War Information (OWI) was created out of the United States Government's need for a centralized location for information. OWI was disbanded under the Truman administration, though a small element of the original structure was maintained within the State Department as the Office of International Information and Cultural Affairs (OIC), which was renamed the Office of International Information and Educational Exchange.[citation needed]
In 1948, the Smith–Mundt Act sought to "promote a better understanding of the United States in other countries, and to increase mutual understanding." The educational and cultural exchange aspects of the State Department were removed from the Bureau of Public Affairs and entered the newly created Bureau of Educational and Cultural Relations (CU) in 1959.[non-primary source needed]
In 1961, the 87th United States Congress passed the Fulbright-Hays Act (Mutual Educational and Cultural Exchange Act) to establish a program to "strengthen the ties which unite us with other nations by demonstrating the educational and cultural interests, developments, and achievements of the people of the United States and other nations".[non-primary source needed] In 1978, the United States International Communication Agency (USICA) absorbed the bureau with the understanding that USICA was in charge of United States public diplomacy. Ronald Reagan renamed USICA to the United States Information Agency in 1982, and in 1999, USIA was absorbed by the State Department.[non-primary source needed]
Programs
- Alumni TIES (Thematic International Exchange Seminars)
- Congress-Bundestag Youth Exchange
- Cultural Heritage Center
- Edmund S. Muskie Graduate Fellowship Program
- EducationUSA
- English Teaching Forum: A Journal for the Teacher of English Outside the United States
- Fulbright Scholarship
- National Security Language Initiative for Youth (NSLI-Y)
- Future Leaders Exchange (FLEX)
- Benjamin A. Gilman International Scholarship
- Hubert Humphrey Fellowship
- International Visitor Leadership Program
- TechWomen
- Youth Exchange and Study (YES)
- The Stevens Initiative
- Teachers of Critical Languages Program (TCLP)
- CLS Program
- Young African Leaders Initiative (YALI)
- Young Southeast Asian Leaders Initiative (YSEALI)
See also
References
External links
- Media related to Bureau of Educational and Cultural Affairs at Wikimedia Commons
- Official website
- Assistant Secretary of State for the Bureau of Educational and Cultural Affairs
- Finding aid authors: Vera Ekechukwu and Nan Lawler (1996). "Bureau of Educational and Cultural Affairs Historical Collection". Prepared for the Special Collections Department, University of Arkansas Libraries, Fayetteville, AR.
