August 30

Pre-1600

• 70 – Titus ends the siege of Jerusalem after destroying Herod's Temple.
• 1282 – Peter III of Aragon lands at Trapani to intervene in the War of the Sicilian Vespers.
• 1363 – The five-week Battle of Lake Poyang begins, in which the forces of two Chinese rebel leaders (Chen Youliang and Zhu Yuanzhang) meet to decide who will supplant the Yuan dynasty.
• 1464 – Pope Paul II succeeds Pope Pius II as the 211th pope.
• 1574 – Guru Ram Das becomes the Fourth Sikh Guru/Master.
• 1590 – Tokugawa Ieyasu enters Edo Castle. (Traditional Japanese date: August 1, 1590)
• 1594 – King James VI of Scotland holds a masque at the baptism of Prince Henry at Stirling Castle.

1601–1900

• 1721 – The Great Northern War between Sweden and Russia ends in the Treaty of Nystad.
• 1727 – Anne, eldest daughter of King George II of Great Britain, is given the title Princess Royal.
• 1757 – Battle of Gross-Jägersdorf: Russian force under Field Marshal Stepan Fyodorovich Apraksin beats a smaller Prussian force commanded by Field Marshal Hans von Lehwaldt, during the Seven Years' War.
• 1791 – HMS Pandora sinks after having run aground on the outer Great Barrier Reef the previous day.
• 1799 – The entire Dutch fleet is captured by British forces under the command of Sir Ralph Abercromby and Admiral Sir Charles Mitchell during the War of the Second Coalition.
• 1800 – Gabriel Prosser postpones a planned slave rebellion in Richmond, Virginia, but is arrested before he can make it happen.
• 1813 – First Battle of Kulm: French forces are defeated by an Austrian-Prussian-Russian alliance.
• 1813 – Creek War: Fort Mims massacre: Creek "Red Sticks" kill over 500 settlers (including over 250 armed militia) in Fort Mims, north of Mobile, Alabama.
• 1835 – Australia: Melbourne, Victoria is founded.
• 1836 – The city of Houston is founded by Augustus Chapman Allen and John Kirby Allen.
• 1862 – American Civil War: Battle of Richmond: Confederates under Edmund Kirby Smith rout Union forces under General William "Bull" Nelson.
• 1873 – Austrian explorers Julius von Payer and Karl Weyprecht discover the archipelago of Franz Josef Land in the Arctic Sea.
• 1896 – Philippine Revolution: After Spanish victory in the Battle of San Juan del Monte, eight provinces in the Philippines are declared under martial law by the Spanish Governor-General Ramón Blanco y Erenas.

1901–present

• 1909 – Burgess Shale fossils are discovered by Charles Doolittle Walcott.
• 1914 – World War I: Germans defeat the Russians in the Battle of Tannenberg.
• 1916 – Ernest Shackleton completes the rescue of all of his men stranded on Elephant Island in Antarctica.
• 1917 – Vietnamese prison guards led by Trịnh Văn Cấn mutiny at the Thái Nguyên penitentiary against local French authority.
• 1918 – Fanni Kaplan shoots and seriously injures Bolshevik leader Vladimir Lenin, which along with the assassination of Bolshevik senior official Moisei Uritsky days earlier, prompts the decree for Red Terror.
• 1922 – Battle of Dumlupınar: The final battle in the Greco-Turkish War (Turkish War of Independence).
• 1936 – The RMS Queen Mary wins the Blue Riband by setting the fastest transatlantic crossing.
• 1940 – The Second Vienna Award reassigns the territory of Northern Transylvania from Romania to Hungary.
• 1941 – The Tighina Agreement, a treaty regarding administration issues of the Transnistria Governorate, is signed between Germany and Romania.
• 1942 – World War II: The Battle of Alam el Halfa begins.
• 1945 – The Japanese occupation of Hong Kong comes to an end.
• 1945 – The Supreme Commander of the Allied Forces, General Douglas MacArthur lands at Atsugi Air Force Base.
• 1945 – The Allied Control Council, governing Germany after World War II, comes into being.
• 1959 – South Vietnamese opposition figure Phan Quang Dan was elected to the National Assembly despite soldiers being bussed in to vote for President Ngo Dinh Diem's candidate.
• 1962 – Japan conducts a test of the NAMC YS-11, its first aircraft since World War II and its only successful commercial aircraft from before or after the war.
• 1963 – The Moscow–Washington hotline between the leaders of the U.S. and the Soviet Union goes into operation.
• 1967 – Thurgood Marshall is confirmed as the first African American Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States.
• 1974 – A Belgrade–Dortmund express train derails at the main train station in Zagreb killing 153 passengers.
• 1974 – A powerful bomb explodes at the Mitsubishi Heavy Industries headquarters in Marunouchi, Tokyo. Eight are killed, 378 are injured. Eight left-wing activists are arrested on May 19, 1975, by Japanese authorities.
• 1974 – The Third World Population Conference ends in Bucharest, Romania. At the end of the ceremony, the UN-Romanian Demographic Centre is inaugurated.
• 1981 – President Mohammad-Ali Rajai and Prime Minister Mohammad-Javad Bahonar of Iran are assassinated in a bombing committed by the People's Mujahedin of Iran.
• 1983 – Aeroflot Flight 5463 crashes into Dolan Mountain while approaching Almaty International Airport in present-day Kazakhstan, killing all 90 people on board.
• 1983 – STS-8: The Space Shuttle Challenger takes off on the first night launch of the shuttle program. Guion Bluford becomes the first African-American in space on this mission.
• 1984 – STS-41-D: The Space Shuttle Discovery takes off on its maiden voyage.
• 1991 – Dissolution of the Soviet Union: Azerbaijan declares independence from Soviet Union.
• 1992 – The 11-day Ruby Ridge standoff ends with Randy Weaver surrendering to federal authorities.
• 1995 – Bosnian War: NATO launches Operation Deliberate Force against Bosnian Serb forces.
• 1998 – Second Congo War: Armed forces of the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC) and their Angolan and Zimbabwean allies recapture Matadi and the Inga dams in the western DRC from RCD and Rwandan troops.
• 2002 – Rico Linhas Aéreas Flight 4823 crashes on approach to Rio Branco International Airport, killing 23 of the 31 people on board.
• 2008 – A Conviasa Boeing 737 crashes into Illiniza Volcano in Ecuador, killing all three people on board.
• 2014 – Prime Minister of Lesotho Tom Thabane flees to South Africa as the army allegedly stages a coup.
• 2021 – The last remaining American troops leave Afghanistan, ending U.S. involvement in the war.
• 2023 – Gabonese coup d'état: After Ali Bongo Ondimba's reelection, a military coup ousted him, ending 56 years of Bongo family rule in Gabon.

Pre-1600

• 1334 – Peter of Castile (d. 1369)
• 1574 – Albert Szenczi Molnár, Hungarian writer and translator (d. 1634)

1601–1900

• 1609 – Sir Alexander Carew, 2nd Baronet, English politician (d. 1644)
• 1609 – Artus Quellinus the Elder, Flemish sculptor (d. 1668)
• 1627 – Itō Jinsai, Japanese philosopher (d. 1705)
• 1716 – Capability Brown, English landscape architect (d. 1783)
• 1720 – Samuel Whitbread, English brewer and politician, founded Whitbread (d. 1796)
• 1748 – Jacques-Louis David, French painter and illustrator (d. 1825)
• 1768 – Joseph Dennie, American author and journalist (d. 1812)
• 1797 – Mary Shelley, English novelist and playwright (d. 1851)
• 1812 – Agoston Haraszthy, Hungarian-American businessman, founded Buena Vista Winery (d. 1869)
• 1818 – Alexander H. Rice, American businessman and politician, 30th Governor of Massachusetts (d. 1895)
• 1839 – Gulstan Ropert, French-American bishop and missionary (d. 1903)
• 1842 – Grand Duchess Alexandra Alexandrovna of Russia (d. 1849)
• 1844 – Emily Ruete/Salama bint Said, also called Sayyida Salme, a Princess of Zanzibar and Oman (d. 1924)
• 1848 – Andrew Onderdonk, American surveyor and contractor (d. 1905)
• 1850 – Marcelo H. del Pilar, Filipino journalist and lawyer (d. 1896)
• 1852 – Jacobus Henricus van 't Hoff, Dutch chemist and academic, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1911)
• 1852 – J. Alden Weir, American painter and academic (d. 1919)
• 1855 – Evelyn De Morgan, English painter (d. 1919)
• 1856 – Carl David Tolmé Runge, German mathematician, physicist, and spectroscopist (d. 1927)
• 1858 – Ignaz Sowinski, Galician architect (d. 1917)
• 1860 – Isaac Levitan, Russian painter and illustrator (d. 1900)
• 1870 – Grand Duchess Alexandra Georgievna of Russia (d. 1891)
• 1871 – Ernest Rutherford, New Zealand-English physicist and chemist, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1937)
• 1883 – Theo van Doesburg, Dutch artist (d. 1931)
• 1884 – Theodor Svedberg, Swedish chemist and physicist, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1971)
• 1885 – Tedda Courtney, Australian rugby league player and coach (d. 1957)
• 1887 – Paul Kochanski, Polish violinist and composer (d. 1934)
• 1890 – Samuel Frederick Henry Thompson, English captain and pilot (d. 1918)
• 1893 – Huey Long, American lawyer and politician, 40th Governor of Louisiana (d. 1935)
• 1896 – Raymond Massey, Canadian-American actor and playwright (d. 1983)
• 1898 – Shirley Booth, American actress and singer (d. 1992)

1901–present

• 1901 – John Gunther, American journalist and author (d. 1970)
• 1901 – Roy Wilkins, American journalist and activist (d. 1981)
• 1903 – Bhagwati Charan Verma, Indian author (d. 1981)
• 1906 – Joan Blondell, American actress and singer (d. 1979)
• 1906 – Olga Taussky-Todd, Austrian mathematician (d. 1995)
• 1907 – Leonor Fini, Argentinian painter, illustrator, and author (d. 1996)
• 1907 – Bertha Parker Pallan, American archaeologist (d. 1978)
• 1907 – John Mauchly, American physicist and co-founder of the first computer company (d. 1980)
• 1908 – Fred MacMurray, American actor (d. 1991)
• 1909 – Virginia Lee Burton, American author and illustrator (d. 1968)
• 1910 – Roger Bushell, South African-English soldier and pilot (d. 1944)
• 1912 – Edward Mills Purcell, American physicist, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1997)
• 1912 – Nancy Wake, New Zealand-English captain (d. 2011)
• 1913 – Richard Stone, English economist and statistician, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1991)
• 1915 – Princess Lilian, Duchess of Halland (d. 2013)
• 1915 – Robert Strassburg, American composer, conductor, and educator (d. 2003)
• 1916 – Shailendra, Pakistani-Indian songwriter (d. 1968)
• 1917 – Denis Healey, English soldier and politician, Chancellor of the Exchequer (d. 2015)
• 1917 – Grand Duke Vladimir Kirillovich of Russia (d. 1992)
• 1918 – Harold Atcherley, English businessman (d. 2017)
• 1918 – Billy Johnson, American baseball player (d. 2006)
• 1918 – Ted Williams, American baseball player and manager (d. 2002)
• 1919 – Maurice Hilleman, American microbiologist and vaccinologist (d. 2005)
• 1919 – Wolfgang Wagner, German director and manager (d. 2010)
• 1919 – Kitty Wells, American singer-songwriter and guitarist (d. 2012)
• 1920 – Arnold Green, Estonian soldier and politician (d. 2011)
• 1922 – Lionel Murphy, Australian jurist and politician, 22nd Attorney-General of Australia (d. 1986)
• 1922 – Regina Resnik, American soprano and actress (d. 2013)
• 1923 – Barbara Ansell, English physician and author (d. 2001)
• 1923 – Charmian Clift, Australian journalist and author (d. 1969)
• 1923 – Vic Seixas, American tennis player
• 1924 – Kenny Dorham, American singer-songwriter and trumpet player (d. 1972)
• 1924 – Lajos Kisfaludy, Hungarian chemist and engineer (d. 1988)
• 1925 – Laurent de Brunhoff, French author and illustrator (d. 2024)
• 1925 – Donald Symington, American actor (d. 2013)
• 1926 – Daryl Gates, American police officer, created the D.A.R.E. Program (d. 2010)
• 1927 – Geoffrey Beene, American fashion designer (d. 2004)
• 1927 – Bill Daily, American actor and comedian (d. 2018)
• 1927 – Piet Kee, Dutch organist and composer (d. 2018)
• 1928 – Lloyd Casner, American race car driver (d. 1965)
• 1928 – Harvey Hart, Canadian director and producer (d. 1989)
• 1928 – Johnny Mann, American singer-songwriter and conductor (d. 2014)
• 1929 – Guy de Lussigny, French painter and sculptor (d. 2001)
• 1929 – Ian McNaught-Davis, English mountaineer and television host (d. 2014)
• 1930 – Warren Buffett, American businessman and philanthropist
• 1930 – Noel Harford, New Zealand cricketer and basketball player (d. 1981)
• 1931 – Jack Swigert, American pilot and astronaut (d. 1982)
• 1933 – Don Getty, Canadian football player and politician, 11th Premier of Alberta (d. 2016)
• 1934 – Antonio Cabangon Chua, Filipino media mogul and businessman (d. 2016)
• 1935 – John Phillips, American singer-songwriter and guitarist (d. 2001)
• 1935 – Alexandra Bellow, Romanian-American mathematician
• 1936 – Peter North, English scholar and academic
• 1937 – Bruce McLaren, New Zealand race car driver and engineer, founded the McLaren racing team (d. 1970)
• 1938 – Murray Gleeson, Australian lawyer and judge, 11th Chief Justice of Australia
• 1939 – Elizabeth Ashley, American actress
• 1939 – John Peel, English radio host and producer (d. 2004)
• 1941 – Ignazio Giunti, Italian race car driver (d. 1971)
• 1941 – Ben Jones, American actor and politician
• 1941 – Sue MacGregor, English journalist and radio host
• 1941 – John McNally, English singer and guitarist
• 1942 – Jonathan Aitken, Irish-British journalist and politician, Minister for Defence Procurement
• 1942 – John Kani, South African actor
• 1942 – Pervez Sajjad, Pakistani cricketer
• 1943 – Tal Brody, American-Israeli basketball player and coach
• 1943 – Robert Crumb, American illustrator
• 1943 – Colin Dann, English author
• 1943 – Nigel Hall, English sculptor and academic
• 1943 – Jean-Claude Killy, French skier
• 1943 – David Maslanka, American composer and academic (d. 2017)
• 1944 – Frances Cairncross, English economist, journalist, and academic
• 1944 – Freek de Jonge, Dutch singer and comedian
• 1944 – Molly Ivins, American journalist and author (d. 2007)
• 1944 – Tug McGraw, American baseball player (d. 2004)
• 1944 – Alex Wyllie, New Zealand rugby player and coach
• 1946 – Queen Anne-Marie of Greece
• 1946 – Peggy Lipton, American model and actress (d. 2019)
• 1947 – Allan Rock, Canadian lawyer, politician, and diplomat, Canadian Ambassador to the United Nations
• 1948 – Lewis Black, American comedian, actor, and author
• 1948 – Fred Hampton, American activist and revolutionary, chairman of the Illinois chapter of the Black Panther Party (d. 1969)
• 1948 – Victor Skumin, Russian psychiatrist, psychologist, and academic
• 1949 – Ted Ammon, American financier and banker (d. 2001)
• 1949 – Don Boudria, Canadian public servant and politician, 2nd Canadian Minister for International Cooperation
• 1950 – Antony Gormley, English sculptor and academic
• 1951 – Timothy Bottoms, American actor
• 1951 – Gediminas Kirkilas, Lithuanian politician, 11th Prime Minister of Lithuania
• 1951 – Jim Paredes, Filipino singer-songwriter and actor
• 1951 – Dana Rosemary Scallon, Irish singer and activist
• 1952 – Simon Bainbridge, English composer and educator (d. 2021)
• 1952 – Wojtek Fibak, Polish tennis player
• 1953 – Ron George, American businessman and politician
• 1953 – Lech Majewski, Polish director, producer, and screenwriter
• 1953 – Horace Panter, English bass player
• 1953 – Robert Parish, American basketball player
• 1954 – Alexander Lukashenko, Belarusian marshal and politician, 1st President of Belarus
• 1954 – Ravi Shankar Prasad, Indian lawyer and politician, Indian Minister of Communications and IT
• 1954 – David Paymer, American actor and director
• 1955 – Jamie Moses, English-American guitarist
• 1956 – Frank Conniff, American actor, producer, and screenwriter
• 1957 – Gerald Albright, American musician
• 1958 – Karen Buck, Northern Irish politician
• 1958 – Fran Fraschilla, American basketball player, coach, and sportscaster
• 1958 – Muriel Gray, Scottish journalist and author
• 1958 – Martin Jackson, English drummer
• 1958 – Anna Politkovskaya, Russian journalist and activist (d. 2006)
• 1958 – Peter Tunks, Australian rugby league player and sportscaster
• 1959 – Mark "Jacko" Jackson, Australian footballer, actor, and singer
• 1960 – Ben Bradshaw, English journalist and politician, Secretary of State for Culture, Media and Sport
• 1960 – Gary Gordon, American sergeant, Medal of Honor recipient (d. 1993)
• 1960 – Guy A. Lepage, Canadian comedian and producer
• 1962 – Ricky Sanders, American football player
• 1962 – Craig Whittaker, English businessman and politician
• 1963 – Dave Brockie, Canadian-American singer-songwriter and bass player (d. 2014)
• 1963 – Michael Chiklis, American actor, director, and producer
• 1963 – Sabine Oberhauser, Austrian physician and politician (d. 2017)
• 1963 – Phil Mills, Welsh race car driver
• 1964 – Gavin Fisher, English engineer and designer
• 1964 – Ra Luhse, Estonian architect
• 1966 – Peter Cunnah, Northern Irish singer-songwriter and producer
• 1966 – Joann Fletcher, English historian and academic
• 1966 – Michael Michele, American actress
• 1967 – Frederique van der Wal, Dutch model and actress
• 1967 – Justin Vaughan, New Zealand cricketer
• 1968 – Diran Adebayo, English author and critic
• 1968 – Vladimir Malakhov, Russian ice hockey player
• 1969 – Vladimir Jugović, Serbian footballer
• 1969 – Dimitris Sgouros, Greek pianist and composer
• 1970 – Carlo Checchinato, Italian rugby player and manager
• 1970 – Paulo Sousa, Portuguese footballer and manager
• 1970 – Michael Wong, Malaysian-Chinese singer-songwriter
• 1971 – Lars Frederiksen, American singer-songwriter and guitarist
• 1971 – Julian Smith, Scottish politician
• 1972 – Cameron Diaz, American model, actress, and producer
• 1972 – Pavel Nedvěd, Czech footballer
• 1972 – Hani Hanjour, Saudi terrorist, September 11 attacks
• 1973 – Lisa Ling, American journalist and author
• 1974 – Javier Otxoa, Spanish cyclist (d. 2018)
• 1975 – Radhi Jaïdi, Tunisian footballer and coach
• 1976 – Mike Koplove, American baseball player
• 1977 – Shaun Alexander, American football player
• 1977 – Marlon Byrd, American baseball player
• 1977 – Raúl Castillo, American actor
• 1977 – Michael Gladis, American actor
• 1977 – Kamil Kosowski, Polish footballer
• 1977 – Félix Sánchez, American-Dominican runner and hurdler
• 1978 – Sinead Kerr, Scottish figure skater
• 1978 – Cliff Lee, American baseball player
• 1979 – Juan Ignacio Chela, Argentinian tennis player
• 1979 – Leon Lopez, English singer-songwriter and actor
• 1979 – Scott Richmond, Canadian baseball player
• 1980 – Roberto Hernández, Dominican baseball player
• 1980 – Justin Mortelliti, American actor and singer-songwriter
• 1981 – Germán Legarreta, Puerto Rican-American actor
• 1981 – Adam Wainwright, American baseball player
• 1982 – Will Davison, Australian race car driver
• 1982 – Andy Roddick, American tennis player
• 1983 – Emmanuel Culio, Argentinian footballer
• 1983 – Gustavo Eberto, Argentinian footballer (d. 2007)
• 1983 – Jun Matsumoto, Japanese singer, dancer, and actor
• 1983 – Simone Pepe, Italian footballer
• 1983 – Tian Qin, Chinese canoe racer
• 1983 – Marco Vianello, Italian footballer
• 1984 – Anthony Ireland, Zimbabwean cricketer
• 1984 – Joe Staley, American football player
• 1984 – Michael Grant Terry, American actor
• 1985 – Duane Brown, American football player
• 1985 – Richard Duffy, Welsh footballer
• 1985 – Joe Inoue, American singer-songwriter
• 1985 – Leisel Jones, Australian swimmer
• 1985 – Éva Risztov, Hungarian swimmer
• 1985 – Steven Smith, Scottish footballer
• 1985 – Eamon Sullivan, Australian swimmer
• 1985 – Anna Ushenina, Ukrainian chess player
• 1985 – Holly Weston, English actress
• 1986 – Theo Hutchcraft, English singer-songwriter
• 1986 – Lelia Masaga, New Zealand rugby player
• 1986 – Ryan Ross, American singer-songwriter and guitarist
• 1986 – Zafer Yelen, Turkish footballer
• 1987 – Johanna Braddy, American actress
• 1987 – Tania Foster, English singer-songwriter
• 1988 – Ernests Gulbis, Latvian tennis player
• 1989 – Simone Guerra, Italian footballer
• 1989 – Ronald Huth, Paraguayan footballer
• 1989 – Bebe Rexha, American singer-songwriter
• 1991 – Seriki Audu, Nigerian footballer (d. 2014)
• 1991 – Jacqueline Cako, American tennis player
• 1991 – Liam Cooper, Scottish footballer
• 1992 – Jessica Henwick, British actress
• 1994 – Monika Povilaitytė, Lithuanian volleyball player
• 1994 – Heo Young-ji, South Korean singer
• 1994 – Kwon So-hyun, South Korean singer-songwriter and actress
• 1996 – Mikal Bridges, American basketball player
• 1996 – Trevor Jackson, American actor and singer-songwriter
• 2002 – Fábio Carvalho, Portuguese footballer

Pre-1600

• 526 – Theodoric the Great, Italian ruler (b. 454)
• 832 – Cui Qun, Chinese chancellor (b. 772)
• 1131 – Hervey le Breton, bishop of Bangor and Ely
• 1181 – Pope Alexander III (b. c. 1100–1105)
• 1329 – Khutughtu Khan Kusala, Chinese emperor (b. 1300)
• 1428 – Emperor Shōkō of Japan (b. 1401)
• 1483 – Louis XI of France (b. 1423)
• 1500 – Victor, Duke of Münsterberg and Opava, Count of Glatz (b. 1443)
• 1580 – Emmanuel Philibert, Duke of Savoy (b. 1528)

1601–1900

• 1604 – John Juvenal Ancina, Italian Oratorian and bishop (b. 1545)
• 1619 – Shimazu Yoshihiro, Japanese samurai and warlord (b. 1535)
• 1621 – Bahāʾ al-dīn al-ʿĀmilī, co-founder of Isfahan School of Islamic Philosophy (b. 1547)
• 1751 – Christopher Polhem, Swedish physicist and engineer (b. 1661)
• 1773 – Peshwa Narayan Rao, Prime Minister of Maratha Empire (b. 1755, assassinated)
• 1856 – Gilbert Abbott à Beckett, English lawyer and author (b. 1811)
• 1879 – John Bell Hood, American general (b. 1831)
• 1886 – Ferris Jacobs, Jr., American general and politician (b. 1836)
• 1896 – Aleksey Lobanov-Rostovsky, Russian politician and diplomat, Minister of Foreign Affairs for Russia (b. 1824)

1901–present

• 1906 – Hans Auer, Swiss-Austrian architect and educator, designed the Federal Palace of Switzerland (b. 1847)
• 1907 – Richard Mansfield, American actor and manager (b. 1857)
• 1908 – Alexander P. Stewart, American general (b. 1821)
• 1928 – Wilhelm Wien, German physicist and academic, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1864)
• 1935 – Henri Barbusse, French journalist and author (b. 1873)
• 1935 – Namık İsmail, Turkish painter and educator (b. 1890)
• 1936 – Ronald Fellowes, 2nd Baron Ailwyn, English peer (b. 1886)
• 1938 – Max Factor, Sr., Polish-born American make-up artist and businessman, founded the Max Factor Company (b. 1877)
• 1940 – J. J. Thomson, English physicist and mathematician, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1856)
• 1941 – Peder Oluf Pedersen, Danish physicist and engineer (b. 1874)
• 1943 – Eddy de Neve, Indonesian-Dutch footballer and lieutenant (b. 1885)
• 1943 – Eustáquio van Lieshout, Dutch priest and missionary (b. 1890)
• 1945 – Alfréd Schaffer, Hungarian footballer, coach, and manager (b. 1893)
• 1946 – Konstantin Rodzaevsky, Russian lawyer (b. 1907)
• 1947 – Gunnar Sommerfeldt, Danish actor and director (b. 1890)
• 1948 – Alice Salomon, German-American social reformer (b. 1872)
• 1949 – Arthur Fielder, English cricketer (b. 1877)
• 1951 – Konstantin Märska, Estonian director and cinematographer (b. 1896)
• 1954 – Alfredo Ildefonso Schuster, Italian cardinal (b. 1880)
• 1961 – Cristóbal de Losada y Puga, Peruvian mathematician (b. 1894)
• 1961 – Charles Coburn, American actor (b. 1877)
• 1963 – Guy Burgess, English-Soviet spy (b. 1911)
• 1964 – Salme Dutt, Estonian-English lawyer and politician (b. 1888)
• 1967 – Ad Reinhardt, American painter, illustrator, and academic (b. 1913)
• 1968 – William Talman, American actor and screenwriter (b. 1915)
• 1970 – Del Moore, American comedian and actor (b. 1916)
• 1970 – Abraham Zapruder, American clothing manufacturer, witness to the assassination of John F. Kennedy (b. 1905)
• 1971 – Ali Hadi Bara, Iranian-Turkish sculptor (b. 1906)
• 1979 – Jean Seberg, American actress (b. 1938)
• 1981 – Vera-Ellen, American actress and dancer (b. 1921)
• 1981 – Mohammad-Ali Rajai, Iranian politician, 2nd President of Iran (b. 1933)
• 1985 – Taylor Caldwell, English-American author (b. 1900)
• 1988 – Jack Marshall, New Zealand colonel, lawyer and politician, 28th Prime Minister of New Zealand (b. 1912)
• 1989 – Seymour Krim, American journalist and critic (b. 1922)
• 1990 – Bernard D. H. Tellegen, Dutch engineer and academic (b. 1900)
• 1991 – Cyril Knowles, English footballer and manager (b. 1944)
• 1991 – Vladimír Padrůněk, Czech bass player (b. 1952)
• 1991 – Jean Tinguely, Swiss painter and sculptor (b. 1925)
• 1993 – Richard Jordan, American actor (b. 1938)
• 1994 – Lindsay Anderson, English director and screenwriter (b. 1923)
• 1995 – Fischer Black, American economist and academic (b. 1938)
• 1995 – Sterling Morrison, American guitarist and singer (b. 1942)
• 1996 – Christine Pascal, French actress, director, and screenwriter (b. 1953)
• 1999 – Reindert Brasser, Dutch discus thrower (b. 1912)
• 1999 – Raymond Poïvet, French illustrator (b. 1910)
• 2001 – Govan Mbeki, ANC activist and father of President of South Africa Thabo Mbeki (b. 1910)
• 2002 – J. Lee Thompson, English-Canadian director, producer, and screenwriter (b. 1914)
• 2003 – Charles Bronson, American actor and soldier (b. 1921)
• 2003 – Donald Davidson, American philosopher and academic (b. 1917)
• 2004 – Fred Lawrence Whipple, American astronomer and academic (b. 1906)
• 2006 – Robin Cooke, Baron Cooke of Thorndon, New Zealand lawyer and judge (b. 1926)
• 2006 – Glenn Ford, Canadian-American actor and producer (b. 1916)
• 2006 – Naguib Mahfouz, Egyptian journalist and author, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1911)
• 2007 – Michael Jackson, English author and journalist (b. 1942)
• 2007 – Charles Vanik, American soldier and politician (b. 1918)
• 2008 – Brian Hambly, Australian rugby player and coach (b. 1937)
• 2008 – Killer Kowalski, Canadian-American wrestler and trainer (b. 1926)
• 2009 – Klaus-Peter Hanisch, German footballer (b. 1952)
• 2010 – J. C. Bailey, American wrestler (b. 1983)
• 2010 – Alain Corneau, French director and screenwriter (b. 1943)
• 2010 – Myrtle Edwards, Australian cricketer and softball player (b. 1921)
• 2010 – Francisco Varallo, Argentinian footballer (b. 1910)
• 2013 – William C. Campbell, American golfer (b. 1923)
• 2013 – Howie Crittenden, American basketball player and coach (b. 1933)
• 2013 – Allan Gotthelf, American philosopher and academic (b. 1942)
• 2013 – Seamus Heaney, Irish poet and playwright, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1939)
• 2013 – Leo Lewis, American football player and coach (b. 1933)
• 2014 – Charles Bowden, American non-fiction author, journalist and essayist (b. 1945)
• 2014 – Bipan Chandra, Indian historian and academic (b. 1928)
• 2014 – Igor Decraene, Belgian cyclist (b. 1996)
• 2014 – Andrew V. McLaglen, English-American director and producer (b. 1920)
• 2014 – Felipe Osterling, Peruvian lawyer and politician (b. 1932)
• 2015 – Wes Craven, American director, producer, screenwriter, and actor (b. 1939)
• 2015 – Edward Fadeley, American lawyer and politician (b. 1929)
• 2015 – M. M. Kalburgi, Indian scholar, author, and academic (b. 1938)
• 2015 – Marvin Mandel, American lawyer and politician, 56th Governor of Maryland (b. 1920)
• 2015 – Oliver Sacks, English-American neurologist, author, and academic (b. 1933)
• 2017 – Louise Hay, American motivational author (b. 1926)
• 2017 – Skip Prokop, Canadian drummer, guitarist and keyboardist (b. 1943)
• 2019 – Valerie Harper, American actress and writer (b. 1939)
• 2022 – Mikhail Gorbachev, 8th and final leader of the Soviet Union. (b. 1931)

• Christian feast day:
  • Alexander of Constantinople (Eastern Orthodoxy)
  • Blessed Alfredo Ildefonso Schuster
  • Blessed Eustáquio van Lieshout
  • Blessed Stephen Nehmé (Maronite Church / Catholic Church)
  • Charles Chapman Grafton (Episcopal Church)
  • Fantinus
  • Felix and Adauctus
  • Fiacre
  • Jeanne Jugan
  • Narcisa de Jesús
  • Pammachius
  • Theodosius of Oria
  • August 30 (Eastern Orthodox liturgics)
• Constitution Day (Kazakhstan)
• Constitution Day (Turks and Caicos Islands)
• Independence Day (Tatarstan, Russia not formally recognized)
• International Day of the Disappeared
• International Whale Shark Day
• Popular Consultation Day (East Timor)
• Saint Rose of Lima's Day (Peru)
• Victory Day (Turkey)

• "On This Day". BBC.
• The New York Times: On This Day
• "Historical Events on August 30". OnThisDay.com.